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International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus, 4th Ed., Excerpt #32: Beta-Cell biology of insulin secretion Part 2 of 5

Metabolism-secretion coupling, triggering pathway: Glucose metabolism increases the cytosolic ATP concentration in pancreatic beta cells, this rise in ATP causing closure of the KATP channels and depolarization of the beta-cell membrane. Thus, KATP channels couple the cell’s metabolic state to electrical activity. The beta-cell KATP channel is composed of two subunits: Kir6.2 as a pore-forming subunit and the sulfonylurea receptor SUR1 as a regulatory subunit. Activity of the KATP channel is critical for GIIS. Membrane depolarization opens VDCCs, which allows Ca2+ influx into β cells, the resultant rise in intracellular Ca2+ triggering exocytosis of insulin granules. Thus, KATP channels and VDCCs are major ion channels required for metabolism-secretion coupling in insulin release.

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Bariatric Surgery Recommendations

Are you changing your criteria for recommending metabolic surgery to your patients based on the new guidelines issued by International Diabetes Federation Taskforce on Epidemiology and Prevention of Diabetes (see article 1)?

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Question #841

Test Your Knowledge

42 year old female, 5’ 4”, 275 lbs, BMI 47.2 kg/m2. History of hypertension, chronic low back pain, severe gastroesophageal reflux disease, depression and type 2 diabetes (diagnosed 2 years ago), and anxiety/depression. Medications include lisinopril 10 mg daily, oxycodone 5 mg TID prn, omeprazole 20 mg daily, metformin 500 mg BID, and paroxetine 20 mg daily. She has been actively working with her PCP on losing weight with diet modification and water aerobics but has only lost about 4% of her weight in the past 6 months. Current labs: (fasting) blood glucose 154 mg/dl, Hgb A1c 6.7 Creatinine 1.6, mg/dl and TSH of 3.6 U/ml. What is the best course of action?

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