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I received a call from a physician’s office regarding a patient who needed education as soon as possible. Her A1C had risen to 7.5 and at 64 years old, the patient needed to make changes. The only problem: the patient was blind. The patient lived alone with her Seeing Eye dog and was assisted by her brother. She lived a relatively normal life despite her blindness, working a clerical job and visiting the gym 2 days per week. As an educator, I had never dealt with a truly sightless individual and was feeling ill-equipped to take on this challenge. The majority of the diabetes patients in our small rural clinic have sight enough to manage their disease. I started to think of all the things we take for granted when teaching our patients, such as lancing their fingers, reading a label, even simply putting the correct amount of food on their plate. All that was thrown out the window. How did I help this patient to see her diabetes care?

In part 4 and the conclusion of this Exclusive Interview about the new diabetes classification, Dr. Schwartz highlights what he is looking forward to at the AACE and ADA conferences, particularly the results of the LEADER and GLP-1 studies.

In this week's Homerun Slides, the potential role of diabetes medications in the improved management of type 2 in older patients.

The traditional view is that islet hormone secretion is mainly regulated by circulating nutrients (glucose, amino acids, free fatty acids) as well as the gut incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)). However, in certain circumstances regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion is also dependent on the autonomic nerves which innervate the islets. These nerves belong to the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and sensory branches of the autonomic nervous system.

What should be the proper treatment selection for patients with type 2 diabetes?

Scientists believe drug commonly prescribed for T2 could be routinely taken by T1 patients.

What benefits can lixisenatide provide when added to basal insulin regimen?

Empagliflozin might not only decrease the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2, but also renal events.

Could GLP-1 inhibitors be a useful adjunct therapy in type I diabetes?

In Part 2 of this exclusive interview, Dr. Robert Geho discusses the Phase 2b study which focuses on adding Diasome's HDV to a leading pre-meal fast acting analogue.