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International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus, 4th Ed., Excerpt #17: Development and Maintenance of the Islet Beta Cell Part 1 of 4

The discovery of insulin by Banting and Best in the early 1920s marked the beginning of a new era of diabetes research that focused on the study of insulin and the biology of the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas. In the ensuing decades, although much was learned regarding the synthesis, structure, and action of insulin, the developmental origins of insulin-producing β cells remained ambiguous.

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A1C Preference

If you could have any A1c result regardless of your health, even if you don’t have diabetes, what A1c number would you like to have? Follow the link to respond and see what others think.

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Question 826

Test Your Knowledge

Mr. Carlson is a 52-year-old Caucasian grocery store manager you saw last week for a new patient visit. His labs from that visit were significant for elevated random plasma glucose 166 mg/dL, A1C 7.4% and elevated lipids (TG=175 mg/dL, LDL 148 mg/dL, HDL 38 mg/dL, total cholesterol 221 mg/dL). He has returned to your clinic for a follow-up appointment. His physical exam is notable for central abdominal obesity (waist circumference 42”), left eyelid xanthelasma, BP 147/91, HR 72, RR 18, BMI 36 kg/m2, but otherwise normal. A repeat A1C test shows A1C 7.6%. Mr. Carlson smokes between 1 and 1.5 packs of cigarettes daily. After discussing the labs and your findings with Mr. Carlson, you begin collaborating on a management plan. You write prescriptions for metformin, a statin and ACE inhibitor. Mr. Carlson doesn’t think “taking medication will be too tough,” but expresses skepticism about your recommendations for a change in his diet, exercise and smoking programs because he has tried them, without success, in the past. What is considered the starting BMI for consideration of bariatric surgery? Select one answer: A. BMI greater than 28 kg/m2 B. BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 C. BMI greater than 35 kg/m2 D. BMI greater than 37 kg/m2 Are you right? Follow the link to find out!

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