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Mr. Hernandez' lab results are A1C 7.5%, FPG 137 mg/dL, LDL 190 mg/dL, HDL 38 mg/DL and triglycerides 232 mg/dL. He is started on metformin, lifestyle modifications, an ACE inhibitor, and a statin. He was asked to return in 3 months' time to evaluate how everything is going. However, he fails to keep his appointment. He returns 1 year after his initial diagnosis for a recurrent yeast infection. His A1C is currently 7.7%. Upon questioning, he admits that while he has been good about taking his “heart meds,” he has not taken the “sugar pill” because he didn’t like it. What side effect did the patient most likely find intolerable? A. Diarrhea and abdominal cramping B. Paresthesias C. Increased appetite D. Insomnia Follow the link for the answer.

The American College of Physicians (ACP) has issued a new recommendation that type 2 patients should not have a target A1C level below 8 percent for any patient population and should not have any A1C targets for older adults (e.g., age 80 and older) or younger individuals with limited life expectancy because of other serious diseases and illnesses. Do you agree with the American College of Physicians' new A1C target recommendations? Follow the link to share your opinion.

You may wonder which CGM monitor is best for your patients. I know I do. Learn from Dr. Stephen W. Ponder, MD, FAAP, CDE-AADE Educator of the Year, Board Certified Pediatric Endocrinologist, Pediatric Residency Program Director at Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Hospital and 50 year Joslin Medalist. He also helps people with diabetes through the "sugar surfing" method to empower individuals who have diabetes to live fuller and more satisfying lives.

In part 5, the conclusion of this Exclusive Interview, Dr. Swapnil N. Rajpathak talks with Diabetes in Control Publisher Steve Freed during the ADA 2017 Scientific Sessions in San Diego, CA about upcoming research studies on patient adherence.

In this week's Homerun Slides, defining albuminuria, a marker for kidney dysfunction.

Concept of ectopic fat as a cause of tissue insulin resistance: It appears that individuals prone to T2DM (based in part on their nonmodifiable characteristics) show a greater propensity to accumulate visceral or ectopic fat for a given weight. Interestingly this characteristic, in turn, may be a downstream consequence of “impaired” subcutaneous fat storage capacity, the mechanisms of which deserve further research. As an extreme example of this concept, lipodystrophic individuals have an impaired ability to store subcutaneous fat and, as a consequence, they accumulate fat in visceral and ectopic tissues and so have marked insulin resistance.

Individuals with undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes found to have high incidence of unrecognized chronic kidney disease.

Study finds higher hospital admissions, complications, and mortality rates among patients with increased A1c.

Studies find greater risk reduction following treatment of patients with dyslipidemia.

Most important mediator due to changes in markers of plasma volume.