In Part 13 of this Exclusive Interview, Dr. Lois Jovanovic joins Diabetes in Control publisher Steve Freed at the AACE 2016 convention in Orlando, Florida to discuss the limitations of fasting bloodwork as a test for diabetes, and why it makes sense to test blood sugar after meals instead.

In this week's Homerun Slides, prioritizing patient characteristics to determine best type 2 treatment agent.

Transport of proinsulin from the ER to Golgi apparatus: After proinsulin is translocated into the lumen of the ER, it is then delivered in transport “COP-coated vesicles” to the cis-Golgi apparatus. Up until relatively recently, it was thought that newly synthesized proinsulin was passed from the cis-Golgi network “stack” via the medial- to the trans-stack of the Golgi apparatus stacks in “COP”-coated vesicles,

Would you be interested in seeing the news briefings from the ADA meeting? Topics include beta-cell replacement, closed loop systems, CVD and diabetes, etc., and feature all the top doctors on each. They last about 45 minutes. Follow the link to cast your vote!

In this week's Homerun Slides, the Canadian Diabetes Association's guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes, which dictate that the choice of therapy depends on glycemia.

Insulin biosynthesis: the previous section outlines that insulin gene transcription is a highly controlled process. The product of this process, pre-proinsulin mRNA, is unusually stable in pancreatic beta cells and it is further stabilized as glucose concentrations increase. As such, there is normally an abundant source of preproinsulin mRNA in the beta-cell cytosol available for translation.

The list below indicates the ethnicities of the patients whose cases you have just reviewed over the past month. Please choose the correct order showing the relative risk of developing diabetes for each ethnicity in adults 20 years and older. Select one answer: [A] Non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanic, non-Hispanic whites, Asian American [B] Hispanic, Non-Hispanic blacks, non-Hispanic whites, Asian American [C] Non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanic, Asian American, non-Hispanic whites [D] Hispanic , Non-Hispanic blacks, Asian American, non-Hispanic whites Are you right? Follow the link to respond!

Dysregulation of the insulin gene: There is convincing evidence that abnormalities in insulin gene sequence or function play a role in pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Abnormalities in the insulin gene structure consist of rare control region mutations, while insulin gene expression appears to be reduced by metabolic conditions associated with the diabetic state.

New guidelines cite effectiveness, cost efficiency, and safety as reasons to consider procedure.

Study shows the SGLT-2 inhibitor can lower HbA1c, BP, and weight in T2DM patients.