Disasters Averted

Female, 76 years of age, type 2 diabetes, well managed, A1C 6%, on metformin 500mg daily. Patient also has well-managed hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and osteoporosis. She lives alone. Wants tighter diabetes control. Was having hypoglycemia when on 500mg twice daily. Requests, almost begs me, to increase her medication. States she’s afraid she’s going to have kidney problems.

Woman, 64 years of age. History of Class II Obesity and hyperlipidemia. While she had obesity, her glucose levels were elevated. A1C 8.2%. She followed a lower carb meal plan, was active, took metformin and a GLP-1, a statin and an ACE-I. She lost 22% total body weight. A1C then remained in the 6-6.5% range for 3 years on this treatment plan. Over the past 8 months, due to insurance and her statement of denial that she ever really had diabetes, she stopped taking her glucose-lowering medication, statin, and ACE-I, wasn’t as strict with meal plan or activity, and stopped checking her glucose, but did not gain back her weight.

I am a diabetes educator and certified foot care nurse. Through the years, I’ve learned that most topics we teach people who have diabetes are really topics every person should know about. I teach patients how to care for their feet, how to prevent foot problems, and how to treat them if they should have problems.

I received a call from a physician’s office regarding a patient who needed education as soon as possible. Her A1C had risen to 7.5 and at 64 years old, the patient needed to make changes. The only problem: the patient was blind. The patient lived alone with her Seeing Eye dog and was assisted by her brother. She lived a relatively normal life despite her blindness, working a clerical job and visiting the gym 2 days per week. As an educator, I had never dealt with a truly sightless individual and was feeling ill-equipped to take on this challenge. The majority of the diabetes patients in our small rural clinic have sight enough to manage their disease. I started to think of all the things we take for granted when teaching our patients, such as lancing their fingers, reading a label, even simply putting the correct amount of food on their plate. All that was thrown out the window. How did I help this patient to see her diabetes care?

College student, type 1 diabetes, wears a pump and CGM. She has good family support. Several of her family members get her CGM readings on their phone. She received a call from her mother about 2:45 am waking her up. She told her to treat her low blood glucose, which patient reported to be 41.

Female 43 years of age. Type 1 diabetes/insulin resistant, hyperglycemia, increasing insulin to manage glucose, but not covering well. Increasing appetite and gaining weight. GLP-1 (Victoza) added at 1/2 recommended start dose for people who have type 2 diabetes, which is 0.6mg, so patient started at 0.3mg daily. Patient started having hypoglycemic reactions, most often postprandially and nocturnally.

It is not unusual for people to have difficulty keeping insulin from freezing or getting overheated. A patient, with type 1 diabetes for 17 years, had glucose that did not respond to his rapid-acting insulin as it usually does. He had two new vials in the refrigerator. He took a new vial out of his refrigerator earlier in the day, and started using it a few hours after he took it out. Had high post prandials that did not respond as usual to correcting. He had enough experience to wonder if perhaps something was wrong with his new insulin, so he thought he’d try another vial. He saw it was frozen. He had put the two vials at the back, where for many refrigerators it is colder. He thought back and wondered if the first vial looked any different, but remembered, he did not look closely at it.

People who have diabetes are usually taught to purchase protective soft leather shoes with a wide toe box. That doesn’t mean everybody who has diabetes follows those recommendations. A woman, type 2 diabetes, who is knowledgeable about diabetes and foot complications was wearing cloth shoes with a “corded” bottom and manmade rubber sole. She was caught in the rain. Her shoes were soaked.

Female, 32 years of age, well aware of the fact she had type 1 diabetes, was suicidal, who reported she chose to stop taking her insulin a few days earlier. Was taken to the police station on a warrant (unknown reason), who took her to the ED due to her report of suicidal ideation. She was found to be hyperglycemic at that time, but did not say she had type 1. Acetone was negative. Given 5 units regular insulin and sent back with police. She then started complaining of not feeling well, taken back to ED, no treatment and sent back with police. The next morning, complained of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

I’ve been with many a person who has type 1, when the person is told if they would just eat, drink, or rub this potion on their body, or if they would just think a certain way, they would no longer have type 1 diabetes. When I see or hear this, I become very angry and protective. Today, a woman who has had type 1 diabetes for almost 30 years told me she went to an alternative healer for an essential oils treatment. The “healer” told her if she would rub the cinnamon oils on her ankles it would heal her diabetes. She asked me what I thought.