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CONDITIONS

International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus, 4th Ed., Excerpt #16: Epidemiology and Geography of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Part 5 of 5

Obesity and weight gain have consistently been shown to be the one of the strongest modifiable risk factors for diabetes. The ratio of a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters called the body mass index (BMI) has been used in numerous studies as a surrogate for obesity. In a representative sample of the US population, each unit increase in BMI was associated with a 12% increased risk of T2DM. Compared to people with BMI less than 22 kg/m2 those with BMI of 25–27 kg/m2 had 2.75 times the risk of diabetes, and each kilogram increase in body weight over 10 years was associated with a 4.5% increase in diabetes risk.

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International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus, 4th Ed., Excerpt #15: Epidemiology and Geography of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Part 4 of 5

Type 2 diabetes was historically a rare occurrence in children but recent studies have reported marked increases in the prevalence of T2DM in children. Type 2 diabetes was first reported in a population-based study in 1979 of American Indian children in Arizona. This American Indian community has one of the highest rates of T2DM in adults and obesity in both adults and children.

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