Female, 26 years of age, type 1 diabetes for 15 years, well-educated, uses insulin pump. Recent A1C 7.6%; has been rising from 6 to 6.5. Thinks her mealtime insulin is not working fast enough. She does bolus about 20 minutes before eating. Assessed pump, CGM, food intake and activity. Her report seemed to be the case.

Michael Hill explains how the system works when a patient's blood glucose drops.

Linking molecular and metabolic regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism: Cross-talk between metabolism and molecular biology is an emerging mechanism of metabolic regulation and is particularly relevant to the control glucose metabolism in liver. Some transcription factors and nuclear receptors are activated in response to metabolites. During fasting lipid metabolites are released that activate PPARα and induce the gene expression of oxidative metabolism.

Study shows age-related comorbidities decreased in males over 65 who take metformin.

Study looks at the heterogeneity of CKD in type 1 diabetes.

The risks may be outweighing the benefits, but only to a point.

Big changes to affect small vessels.

Proper training key to best results in both groups.

Race, socioeconomic status thought reasons behind lack of adherence to the recommendations.

There is an antidiabetic medication available on the U.S. market with an indication from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to prevent cardiovascular (CV) disease. A. True B. False Follow the link to see the answer!