In part 2 of this exclusive interview from AACE 2016, Dr. Claude Lardinois discusses why albumin is a driver of cardiovascular disease.

I am a diabetes educator and certified foot care nurse. Through the years, I’ve learned that most topics we teach people who have diabetes are really topics every person should know about. I teach patients how to care for their feet, how to prevent foot problems, and how to treat them if they should have problems.

Exclusive interview with introduction by Joy Pape, MSN, FNP-C, CDE, WOCN, CFCN, FAADE, Associate Medical Editor. I remember when I was young, I had family members and friends (both women and men) who had type 1 diabetes. They told me their medical team informed them they couldn’t or shouldn’t have children. Not Dr. Lois Jovanovic. Dr. Lois Jovanovic is not a woman who takes no for an answer; neither has she taught her patients they should not have children.

A patient with diabetes gets her meds, prescribed by a nurse practitioner, from a national chain pharmacy in New York. She was planning travel to Hawaii. Patient did not refill her meds at home in New York before leaving for her travel in Hawaii because it was too early. Insurance would not pay until closer to the refill date. She thought she could wait until the time insurance would cover, go to a location where she was traveling and pick it up there. She’d done that during her travels in the past. It did not work in Hawaii.

Woman, 58 years of age, history of PCOS, prediabetes, strong family history of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity. This patient lives a healthy lifestyle, including a lower carb meal plan, is very active, and keeps her weight down. Those interventions did not lower her A1C, so she educated herself and asked her NP/CDE if she should start metformin. This was about 20 years ago. Since starting metformin, A1C is in the 5.1-5.5% range. Patient regularly checks glucose, which was recently rising. A1C rose to prediabetes range again. Started on GLP-1 by NP/CDE. Patient then went to a new PCP who told her she should not be taking metformin or the GLP-1 because she does not have diabetes. Wanted to refer her to an endocrinologist....

It was a beautiful day. A patient of mine who has type 1 and her friends who do not have diabetes decided at the last minute to go out and enjoy it. They walked and walked, ate out for lunch, and walked and walked some more. She walked a lot …

A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who was being treated with glimiperide had had a difficult time finding a job. She was finally hired into a law firm as a legal secretary. She would be frequently called into meetings at the last minute, often late mornings and afternoons, right …

An 83-year-old woman who lived alone and was very active in her community was having wide swings in her glucose levels. She reported sometimes waking up hours after dinner with her head in her dinner plate. She did not understand why. She did not have family or caretakers nearby to …

A patient of mine was newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. He started on insulin and I taught him about glucose targets; insulin administration, including the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia; and how to prevent, recognize, and treat hypoglycemia. I also taught him about the “honeymoon period,” which, I told …

It was 8:15 pm. A patient who lives alone called me. “Joy, I just mixed up my Humalog and my Lantus. I took 20 units of Humalog but I was supposed to take 20 units of Lantus, and I took 10 units of Lantus.” I knew that the onset of …