MODY/LADA

  Rudy Bilous MD, FRCP Richard Donnelly MD, PHD, FRCP, FRACP   The most common cause of type 1 diabetes (over 90% of cases) is T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the islet beta cells leading to a failure of insulin production. The exact aetiology is complex and still imperfectly understood. However, it …

  In this week’s Homerun Slides, we begin a series which Dr. Stanley Schwartz presented at the 2014 ADA Scientific Sessions, where he outlined some of the problems with the current diabetes classification system. This first section discusses the definition of LADA and shows how diabetes diagnosis characteristics frequently overlap….

Rudy Bilous MD, FRCP Richard Donnelly MD, PHD, FRCP, FRACP   Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed by identifying chronic hyperglycemia. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) have used a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 126mg/dL.(7 mmol/L) or higher to define diabetes (Table 3.1 ). This originated from epidemiological …

HNF1A is also the gene responsible for (maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3), a rare monogenic cause of diabetes….

Our publisher, Steve Freed, had a chance to talk with Dr. Stanley Schwartz, asking questions and getting some in-depth and very informative answers on exactly how SGLT-2 Inhibitors work.  Steve Freed: Regarding the SGLT2 drugs that are now available, I know that a lot of physicians just refuse to write …

The Pancreas The pancreas is situated behind the posterior wall of the abdomen It can be divided into: Head: located within the duodenal curve Body connected to the head through a slight constriction (neck) Tail representing tapering of the body as it extends to the left approaching the gastric surface …

Ivy, a 29-year-old woman, presents with a short history of polyuria and polydipsia. What differential diagnosis would you be thinking of? The differential diagnosis includes: • Diabetes mellitus • Hypercalcaemia • Chronic renal failure • Diabetes insipidus • Psychogenic polydipsia

Effects on hypertension, insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, CHD, CHF, arrhythmias, stroke and mortality….

Konstantinos Makrilakis, MD, PhD Nikolaos Katsilambros, MD, PhD.  Avoidance of complications Hypoglycemia and hypokalemia are the two most common complications of treatment of hyperglycemic crises with insulin. They have both been reduced significantly, however, with the administration of low-dose insulin and careful monitoring and replacement of serum potassium. 27,28 Frequent …

Konstantinos Makrilakis, MD, PhD Nikolaos Katsilambros, MD, PhD.  Clinical management The management of HHS is similar to that of DKA. It includes correction of the fluid and electrolyte abnormalities that are typically present and administration of insulin. 1,3,15 Therapy should also aim at simultaneous identification and treatment of the precipitating …