Pyruvate cycling pathway is a term I have not heard in many years. When I was in pharmacy school, I remember our Medicinal Chemistry professor posting a slide on the overhead, and telling us if we learned this by the end of the semester we would pass the class. Although …

16-year-old male, type 1 diabetes since 2 years of age, pump therapy. Eats about the same thing daily. Post prandials vary widely. When corrects for highs, gets low.

In part 5, the finale, of this Exclusive Interview, DIC publisher Steve Freed asks about the possibility of expanding the study of the nutritional supplement to address diabetic retinopathy.

In this week's Homerun Slides, part 2 of the Canadian Diabetes Association's specific recommendations for patient-centered diabetes care.

Metabolism-secretion coupling, triggering pathway: Glucose metabolism increases the cytosolic ATP concentration in pancreatic beta cells, this rise in ATP causing closure of the KATP channels and depolarization of the beta-cell membrane. Thus, KATP channels couple the cell’s metabolic state to electrical activity. The beta-cell KATP channel is composed of two subunits: Kir6.2 as a pore-forming subunit and the sulfonylurea receptor SUR1 as a regulatory subunit. Activity of the KATP channel is critical for GIIS. Membrane depolarization opens VDCCs, which allows Ca2+ influx into β cells, the resultant rise in intracellular Ca2+ triggering exocytosis of insulin granules. Thus, KATP channels and VDCCs are major ion channels required for metabolism-secretion coupling in insulin release.