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Mrs. S is a 45-yr. old woman who presents with a 2 month history of fatigue and excessive thirst. She is a new patient to your practice, relevant history includes possible borderline hypertension, obesity and two children whose birth weights exceeded 9 lbs. She is a 1-2 pack a day smoker and family history is significant for premature CAD, hypertension and diabetes. Her exam is normal and BP is 135/82 mmHg. Fasting Glucose 138 mg/dl. Other results include a total cholesterol 215, HDL-C 31 mg/dl. j

A week later Mrs. S returns and further fasting glucose is 167 mg/dl. Subsequent HbA1c is 7.1% (normal range 3.6-6.4%). Mrs. S comes to the office to discuss her results. You tell her she has diabetes and refer her for diabetes education and nutritional counseling.

Mrs. S follows up 1 year later for her annual diabetes evaluation, having lost 20 lbs in weight, adhering to her diet and exercise plan, home glucose monitoring reveals fasting glucose readings in the 130-150mg/dl range and HbA1c of 7.2%. Exam is normal, BP 128/75mmhg. You would now: 

  1. Refer her for a dilated retinal exam.
  2. Obtain urine for assessment of proteinuria.
  3. Strongly encourage Mrs. S. to stop smoking.
  4. Assess lower extremities for evidence of foot deformity, ulcers and sensory abnormalities.
  5. All of the above.

 


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