SPECIAL FEATURE GLP-1 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE, PART 3
CASE 2 – Efficacy and Benefits of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Paul is a 53-year-old white male who has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for about 2 years.
SPECIAL GLP-1 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE, Part 2
CASE 1 – GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Their Place in Therapy
Scott is a 57-year-old white male who has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for 4 years.
SPECIAL GLP-1 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE, Part 1
Scott is a 57-year-old white male who has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for 4 years.
Test Your Knowledge #610: Results from a pooled analysis evaluating the benefits of initiating insulin to metformin...
Results from a pooled analysis evaluating the benefits of initiating insulin to metformin at an earlier versus later treatment stage, with or without sulfonylurea showed....
GLP-1 Help to Control Diabetes after Gastric Bypass
Insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 positively linked in diabetes patients following gastric bypass surgery....
SPECIAL FEATURE: Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases the period of postprandial satiety and slows gastric emptying in obese men
The regulation of food intake is a complex process involving psychologic, social, and physiologic components. Physiologically, it is generally assumed that food intake is regulated by a central feeding drive that is later counterregulated by...
GLP-1 Agonist-based Therapies: An Emerging New Class of Antidiabetic Drug With Potential Cardioprotective Effects, Part 1
Melanie Sulistio, MD, Curtis Carothers, MD, Mandeep Mange, BS, Mike Lujan, BS, Rene Ofiveros, MD, and Robert Chilton, DO
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the...
Case Study: Practical Strategies for Choosing among Incretin-Based Agents in Type 2 Diabetes, PART 3
Given that Mark is already obese and has gained more weight since commencing glimepiride, and given Mark's worrying episodes of hypoglycemia, you decide to stop glimepiride and commence a GLP-1 receptor agonist....
Oxyntomodulin: Partner to GLP-1?
Oxyntomodulin is a gut peptide released in response to a meal. It is synthesized within specialized enteroendocrine cells called L cells. Oxyntomodulin is released from the intestinal L cells 5-10 minutes after ingestion of food in amounts...
An Eye-Opening Interview with Steven Edelman, MD, Founder and Director, TCOYD
Our publisher, Steve Freed, sat down with Dr. Steven Edelman at the ADA Scientific Sessions in San...
Effect of GLP-1 on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics improve certain cardiovascular risk factors, although it is unclear if the observed benefits are direct effects or indirect effects due to weight loss....
ADA: Exenatide/Diet vs. Diet Alone for Treatment of Prediabetes
Exenatide yields beta cell improvement and weight loss in individuals with diabetes but has not been well-studied in individuals with prediabetes....
Perspectives from Diabetes Thought Leaders on the Use of GLP-1 Agonists
Leading experts, Anne L. Peters, MD, Ralph A. DeFronzo, MD, Alan J. Garber, MD, PhD, Robert R. Henry, MD, Richard Bergenstal, MD, and others, share their thoughts on GLP-1 therapy....
Significant Weight Loss Observed in Nondiabetic Obese Women Treated with Exenatide
Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist was associated with significant weight loss in obese women who were not diabetic, according to research....
SPECIAL FEATURE: The Safety and Extrapancreatic effects of GLP-1 on cardiovascular tissue, adipose tissue, liver, and kidney
GLP-1 receptors are widely expressed in CV, adipose, hepatic, and renal tissue [80,...
GLP-1's Function in Preserving B-cells
Associations between acute glucose lowering and improved acute insulin secretory responses suggest improved β-cell function. Comparing and assessing effects of pharmacological therapies used to control hyperglycemia on β-cell...
Diabetes Drug Also Reduces Inflammation
A GLP-1 drug prescribed to help patients with type 2 diabetes improve blood-sugar control also has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, and the effect was observed within 2 hours following a single dose....
GLP-1 Knowledge Survey Analyses, Complete Series
With this special bonus edition of our highly successful GLP-1 special series, we provide you with an easy list so you can find all of our analyses in one place....
GLP-1 Special Series Bonus Issue Editor's Desk
We are all familiar with the phrase, "Save the Best for Last," and as we finish up our special GLP-1 Series, we have done exactly that.
This week we have the completion of an interview that our publisher, Steve Freed,...
Interview with Dr. Alan Moses, Global CMO, Novo Nordisk
In a special bonus issue of our GLP-1 Special Series, we presented this excellent and informative interview...
Interview with Dr. David D'Alessio, Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Professor, PART 2
This week, we present Part 2 of Diabetes In Control Publisher Steve Freed's...
GLP-1 Knowledge Survey, Part VI
This week we finish our analysis of our GLP-1 survey results with a look at prescribing reasons and habits, and how your colleagues decide on GLP-1 analog or DPP-4 inhibitor therapy. Most of the respondents favored Victoza but...
GLP-1 Special Series Issue #8 Editor's Note
If you do enough interviews you are bound to get a few great ones. Often when we talk to researchers they either hold back on information that they are afraid to share or they try to be experts on everything we ask them. Our publisher, Steve...
Interview with David D'Alessio, MD; Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Professor
What are the effects of using a GLP-1 drug when on the Atkins diet and a low-fat...
GLP-1 Special Series Editor's Note #7
There's been some interesting research on a compound that appears to be a partner peptide for GLP-1. Oxyntomodulin is released in response to a meal and seems to have a significant effect on glucose levels. Our current PharmD candidate, ...
An Eye-Opening Interview with Steven Edelman, MD, PART 2
This week, we present the second half of our publisher Steve Freed's interview with Dr. Steven Edelman...
GLP-1 Knowledge Survey Part V
Over the past few weeks we have been looking at your colleagues' responses to questions about GLP-1, including mechanisms, interactions, dosing and effectiveness. Over the next two weeks we will examine some of your opinions on starting doses...
Practical Strategies for Choosing among Incretin-Based Agents in Type 2 Diabetes, Part 2
PART 2: Mark, a 55-year-old white man, was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 3 years ago. At the time of diagnosis his glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) level was 7.5%, his body mass index (BMI) was 30 kg/m2, and his...
GLP-1 Knowledge Survey Part IV
When making a choice amongst GLP-1 Agonists, the number of injections per day and when peak concentrations are reached are both important in selecting therapy. There was almost unanimous consensus that Exenatide is administered twice daily...
GLP-1 Special Series Editor's Note #6
This week we get back to our interview with Dr. Aaron Vinik, Director, EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Research Center. He has been at the forefront in developing new technologies for growing and regenerating beta cells. Our publisher, Steve...
Practical Strategies for Choosing among Incretin-Based Agents in Type 2 Diabetes, Part 1
Mark, a 55-year-old white man, was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 3 years ago. At the time of diagnosis his glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) level was 7.5%, his body mass index (BMI) was 30 kg/m2, and his waist circumference was 45...
Interview with Aaron I. Vinik, MD, PhD, FCP, MACP
One of the leading diabetes researchers in the world, Dr. Aaron I. Vinik leads the EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center's quest to cure diabetes. Internationally renowned for his research in the areas of hormone secreting tumors and the chronic...
GLP-1 Knowledge Survey Part II
We asked our readers to give us feedback into how much they knew about GLP-1 Analogs and a broad cross-section replied. Take a look at 5 of the questions and how your colleagues answered....
Dr. Vinik Answers Our Best Questions on GLP-1 Therapy
This week, after our publisher Steve Freed was able to connect up with Dr. Vinik again,...
GLP-1 Knowledge Survey Part III
This week we examine more of your responses regarding GLP-1 therapy....
GLP-1 Special Series #5 Editor's Note
This week in Part 3 of our Case Study, Mr. Walker and his wife return for a follow-up visit as his glucose control has not improved as much as expected.
ADA: Safety and Efficacy of Once-Monthly Exenatide over 20 Weeks in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, improves glycemic control and body weight with twice daily or once weekly subcutaneous (SC) injections in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)....
ADA: Linagliptin Has Similar Efficacy to Glimepiride but Improved Cardiovascular Safety over 2 Years in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often requires combination therapy to maintain glycemic control. Adding a sulfonylurea to metformin therapy improves glycemic control, but can cause hypoglycemia and weight gain. This 2-yr double-blind...
ADA: Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide Once-Daily vs. Exenatide Twice-Daily in Type 2 DM Inadequately Controlled on Metformin (GetGoal-X)
This randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter, 24-wk main treatment study, followed by a variable extension of at least 52 wk, compared the efficacy and safety of lixisenatide 20 µg QD and exenatide 10 µg BID in 634 T2DM patients...
A Caucasian Man with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Insufficiency, PART 3
Case Presentation, PART 3: Mr. Walker is a 59-year-old Caucasian who presents for evaluation of his type 2 diabetes, discovered 6 months ago by a random glucose measurement of 250 mg/dL using his wife's blood ...
ADA: CV Risk with Linagliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pre-Specified, Prospective, and Adjudicated Meta-Analysis from a Large Phase III Program
The cardiovascular (CV) benefit of glucose lowering, particularly if too intensive, in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is currently debated. Some modalities have even been reported, unexpectedly, to be associated with worse CV outcomes. To...
GLP-1 Knowledge Survey Part II
We asked our readers to give us feedback into how much they knew about GLP-1 Analogs and a broad cross-section replied. Take a look at 5 of the questions and how your colleagues answered....
A Caucasian Man with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Insufficiency, PART 2
Case Presentation, Part 2: Mr. Walker is a 59-year-old Caucasian who presents for evaluation of his type 2 diabetes, discovered 6 months ago by a random glucose measurement of 250 mg/dL using his wife's blood glucose...
GLP-1 Special Issue #4 Editor's Note
Steve and Andrew came back with a ton of new data on GLP-1 Agonist therapies from the 71st Scientific Sessions of the ADA. We turned over these articles, abstracts, posters and presentations to our interns for them to get...
Exenatide Update ADA 71st Scientific Sessions
In order to increase compliance and improve efficacy, there is an experimental long acting exenatide once monthly injectable suspension in the pipeline. This long acting formulation is currently in phase-2 trial and has...
Lixisenatide Update ADA 71st Scientific Sessions
The investigational drug Lyxumia® (lixisenatide), a once daily GLP-1 agonist, is making progress as a newer drug in this increasingly crowded class of drugs. Data from four studies of the GetGoal Phase III clinical...
Liraglutide Update ADA 71st Scientific Sessions
Adding Insulin to Metformin and Liraglutide: A New Sequence of Medication Therapy for Type-2 Diabetes Patients
A new clinical study shows for the first time that the addition of...
A Caucasian Man with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Insufficiency, Part 1
Mr. Walker is a 59-year-old Caucasian who presents for evaluation of his type 2 diabetes, discovered 6 months ago by a random glucose measurement of 250 mg/dL using his wife's blood glucose meter....
GLP-1 Knowledge Survey Part I
Thanks to the great number of you who participated. As we put together the original survey our first thoughts were to find out what you wanted to know about GLP-1 analogs and what your impressions of the class of drugs...
GLP-1 Issue #3 Editor's Note
This week we have the results from our GLP-1 Survey. Thanks to the great number of you who participated, and congratulations to Dr. Donald W., of Southern Pines, North Carolina, the winner of our Kindle/Nook giveaway....
Interview with Aaron I. Vinik, MD, PhD, FCP, MACP
One of the leading diabetes researchers in the world, Dr. Aaron I. Vinik leads the EVMS...
GLP-1 Editor's Note:
This week I had a chance to interview Dr. Vivian Fonseca on the use of GLP-1 agonists, and he shared his thoughts on why these medications are a logical choice. He also gave us a little information on a study using GLP-1 agonists with...
Editor's Interview with Dr. Vivian A. Fonseca
Last month I had a chance to chat with Vivian A. Fonseca, MD, FRCP, Tulane University Medical Center, about the GLP-1 analogs....
A 25-year-old Hispanic woman with a 5-year history of type 2 diabetes
A 25-year-old Hispanic woman with a 5-year history of type 2 diabetes presents for a routine follow-up visit. Despite education, she has had difficulty making diet and lifestyle modifications and currently has a BMI of 45...
Disease Progression in Type 2 Diabetes
For the complete article, Disease Progression in Type 2 Diabetes, and information on other aspects of GLP-1 treatment, please visit Novo Nordisk's diabetesinamerica at
The Incretin Effect
For the complete article, The Incretin Effect, and information on other aspects of GLP-1 treatment, please visit Novo Nordisk's diabetesinamerica at
GLP-1 Notes from the Editor
Welcome to our first edition of our new GLP-1 education series. I am sure that every one of you is familiar with the use of GLP-1 agonists in the treatment of diabetes.
Ever since Bayliss and Starling discovered secretin...
The Incretin Effect
For the complete article, The Incretin Effect, and information on other aspects of GLP-1 treatment, please visit Novo Nordisk's diabetesinamerica at
An African-American Man with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
Mr. Slayton is a 64-year-old African-American referred by his primary care physician for evaluation of his type 2 diabetes. His history with type 2 diabetes includes....
Sanofi's Once Daily GLP-1 Lyxumia ® Meets Primary Endpoint in Phase 3 Study
Lyxumia (lixisenatide) when used as an add-on therapy to basal insulin (in association with or without metformin), achieved its primary efficacy endpoint of significantly reducing HbA1c versus placebo for patients with type 2 diabetes...
Can Liraglutide Antibodies Affect Its Efficacy?
Researchers looked at antibody formation when liraglutide (Victoza) is used and whether that has an impact on glycemic efficacy or safety....
Next GLP-1 (Lixisenatide) Achieves Positive Phase III Data in Type 2 Diabetes
Once-Daily Lixisenatide meets primary efficacy endpoint with fewer hypoglycemias than Exenatide twice-daily....
Transdermal GLP-1 Patch for Type 2 Diabetes
TransPharma Medical, Ltd., announced the successful completion of a Phase 1a trial of ViaDerm-GLP1 agonist which is being developed for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes....
Once-Daily Victoza® Improves Blood Sugar over Exenatide
Published results from the LEAD 6 extension study showed the efficacy and safety of switching from exenatide, taken twice a day, to once-daily Victoza®. Results show...
GLP-1 Knowledge Survey Part I
This week we have some results from our GLP-1 survey. Thanks to the great number of you who participated. As we put together the original survey our first thoughts were to find out what you wanted to know about GLP-1 analogs and...
Perspectives from Diabetes Thought Leaders on the Use of GLP-1 Agonists
To help introduce this new series on GLP-1 therapy, we've gathered together commentary and insight from leading experts across the field: Anne L. Peters, MD, Ralph A. DeFronzo, MD, Alan J. Garber, MD, PhD, Robert R. Henry, MD, Richard...
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