The influence of diabetes on the periodontal tissues

Maria Emanuel Ryan, DDS, PhD; Oana Carnu, DMD; Angela Kamer, DMD, PhD

The pathogenesis of periodontal disease is complex because it reflects a combination of the initiation and maintenance of the chronic inflammatory process by a diverse microbial flora and its numerous bacterial products. The subsequent host response to this infection mediates a complex cascade of tissue-destructive pathways.¹

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