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Item
#6
Substituting Dietary Saturated
Fat with Polyunsaturated Fat Changes Abdominal Fat Distribution
and Improves Insulin Sensitivity
Dietary change can result in improved insulin sensitivity and less
abdominal fat
British
dietary recommendations are to decrease total fat intake to less
than 30 % of daily energy intake and saturated fat to less than 10
%. In practice, it is difficult for people to make these changes.
It may be easier to encourage people to switch from a diet rich in
saturated fatty acids to one rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
For the
study a total of 17 subjects - six people with Type 2
(non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, six non-obese and five obese
people without diabetes - were randomized to spend two 5-week
periods on a diet rich in saturated or in polyunsaturated fatty
acids, in a crossover design. At the start of the study and after
each dietary period, we assessed abdominal fat distribution using
magnetic resonance imaging, insulin sensitivity using
hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and fasting lipid parameters.
The results
showed that dietary compliance, assessed by weekly 3-day dietary
records and measurement of biochemical markers, was good. Energy
and fat intake appeared to be reduced on the diet rich in
polyunsaturated fatty acids although body weights did not change.
Insulin sensitivity and plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol
concentrations improved with the diet rich in polyunsaturated
fatty acids compared with the diet rich in saturated fatty acids.
There was also a decrease in abdominal subcutaneous fat area.
The
researchers concluded that if the result is confirmed in
longer-term studies, this dietary manipulation would be more
readily achieved by the general population than the current
recommendations and could result in considerable improvement in
insulin sensitivity, reducing the risk of developing Type 2
diabetes.
Diabetologia (2002) 45: 369-377
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