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Item
#13
Evidence
for Prevention of Diabetes – Reduce the Risk by 71%
Study
shows a decrease in the incidence of developing type 2
diabetes by 71%
Two
recent studies have shown that type 2 diabetes can be
prevented by lifestyle interventions in subjects who are at
high risk for diabetes. In the Finland Diabetes Prevention Study,
published in May 2001, 522 overweight subjects with impaired
glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to an intervention or
control group. The intervention group received individualized
counseling to reduce weight (seven sessions the first year
and every 3 months for the remainder of study), to
decrease intake of total and saturated fat, and to
increase intake of fiber and physical activity.
Subjects were followed for 3.2 years and received an
oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) annually. Results at
the end of 1 year showed a weight loss of 4.2 and 0.8
kg for the intervention and control groups, respectively. The
incidence of diabetes after 4 years was 11% in the intervention
group and 23% in the control group. During the study, the
risk of diabetes was reduced by 58% in the intervention
group.
The initial
results of a similar study, the Diabetes Prevention Program
(DPP), a multicenter National Institutes of Health study, suggest
that type 2 diabetes can be prevented and delayed. The
DPP was a randomized trial involving more than 3,200 adults who
were >25 years of age and who were at increased risk of
developing type 2 diabetes (i.e., having impaired glucose tolerance,
being overweight, and having a family history of type 2
diabetes). The study involved a control group (standard care
plus a placebo pill) and two intervention groups: one that received
a intensive lifestyle modification (healthy diet, moderate physical
activity of 30 min/day for 5 days/week) and one that received
standard care plus an oral diabetes agent (Metformin). The
major study findings indicate that participants in the intensive
lifestyle modification group reduced their risk of
developing diabetes by 58% compared with the medication
intervention group who reduced their risk by 31%. Even
more dramatic was the finding that individuals over 60
years of age in the intensive lifestyle modification
group decrease their incidence of developing type 2
diabetes by 71%. Diabetes Care 25:608-613, 2002
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DID
YOU KNOW:
Transient
ischaemic attacks (mini-strokes) occur between two and six times
more frequently in people with diabetes
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