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#3
Low-Glycemic-Index
Mexican Diet Helpful in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mexicans
A low-glycemic-index (GI) Mexican diet reduces
weight and improves glycemic control in obese type
2 diabetic Mexicans.
"We have not found long-term studies showing
the effect of low-GI diets containing Mexican-style
foods on either Mexicans or Mexican Americans with
diabetes," write Arturo Jimenez-Cruz, MD, PhD,
from Universidad Autónoma de Baja California,
Mexico, and colleagues. "The typical Mexican
diet includes beans (legumes) and corn tortillas
(traditionally made), which are foods with a low
GI. However, in Mexico and in the U.S., current
dietary guidelines for people with diabetes focus
on lowering dietary fat and increasing carbohydrate
intake but do not mention the GI."
This crossover-design study comparing flexible diets
with high or low GI consisted of two 6-week periods
with a 6-week washout period between treatments.
Of 36 enrolled subjects with type 2 diabetes and
body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m2, 14
subjects completed the study with eligible dietary
records.
During the low-GI diet, glycemic load and GI were
lower, and subjects consumed significantly fewer
high-GI carbohydrates, such as white-wheat bread,
white long-grain rice, potatoes, high-GI fruits,
and carrots. During the high-GI diet, dietary fiber
was lower, and subjects consumed fewer low-GI carbohydrates,
such as pinto beans, whole-meal wheat bread, and
low-GI fruits.
However, there were no differences during the two
study periods in the amount of carbohydrates consumed,
such as corn tortillas and dairy products. At the
end of the study periods, A1c improved on the low-GI
diet compared with the high-GI diet (P < .008).
"Despite the worldwide controversy of the advantages
and disadvantages of using the low-GI diet criteria
for the nutrition education in diabetes, this study
provides evidence that more flexible Mexican-style
instructions, with an emphasis on the use of low-GI
foods, decreased BMI and improved the metabolic
control in individuals with type 2 diabetes,"
the authors write. "Although this diet helped
to increase the adherence to the diet, it also promotes
Mexican-style dishes, such as 'frijoles and tortillas,'
increasing satiety as well as reducing body weight
and improving metabolic control. Dietary recommendations
for the treatment of Mexicans with type 2 diabetes
may need to be reconsidered." Diabetes Care.
2003;26:1967-1970
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