The investigators determined associations between long-term daily use of adult-strength aspirin (≥ 325 mg/day) and overall cancer incidence, as well as incidence of 10 types of cancer in 69,810 men and 76,303 women participating in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, a relatively elderly population. Information on aspirin use was collected at enrollment in 1992 - 1993 and updated in 1997, 1999, and 2001.

Through follow-up ending in June 2003, cancer was diagnosed in 10,931 men and 7196 women. Compared with no use, daily use of adult-strength aspirin for 5 years or more was associated with lower overall cancer incidence in men (multivariable-adjusted RR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 - 0.93) and non–statistically significant lower overall cancer incidence in women (multivariable-adjusted RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.73 - 1.03).

After standardization to the age distributions of men and women in the study, overall cancer incidence per 100,000 person-years with long-term daily aspirin use and no aspirin use was 1858 and 2163, respectively, among men, and 1083 and 1169, respectively, among women. Long-term daily aspirin use was linked to reduced incidence of colorectal cancer, among men and women combined) and prostate cancer and a non–statistically significant lower risk for female breast cancer
"Long-term daily use of adult-strength aspirin may be associated with modestly reduced overall cancer incidence in populations among whom colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers are common," the authors write.

"Confirmation from randomized trials is necessary before a reduction in cancer risk could be considered a benefit of using adult-strength aspirin," the authors conclude. "Our results indicate that a randomized trial examining the effect of aspirin on cancer incidence would need to be both large and long term, probably lasting a minimum of 10 years.... If daily adult-strength aspirin use is ultimately found to meaningfully reduce overall cancer risk, there could be important clinical implications with respect to who should be taking aspirin and at what dose."

Practice Pearl: Long-term use of adult-strength aspirin for 5 years or more is associated with an overall reduction in cancer incidence that is significant among men but not women. Also that long-term use of adult-strength aspirin is associated with significant reductions in colorectal (30%) and prostate (20%) cancers and a nonsignificant reduction in female breast cancer       J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99:608-615.

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