One in three American children born in 2000 will develop type II diabetes,
according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A
new study at the University of Missouri-Columbia says that acute exercise
-- as little as 15 minutes a day -- can have a profound influence on preventing
and fighting the disease.
This research adds to the body of evidence that indicates exercise can fight
type II diabetes, one of the most widespread self-inflicted healthcare struggles
in the United States, and could save Americans millions of dollars in pills,
injections and medical treatment. Acute exercise is a bout of activity in which
people actively participate, as opposed to activity resulting from everyday
activities.
"Many people can fight type II diabetes through diet and exercise alone," said
John Thyfault, professor in the MU College of Human Environmental Sciences'
Department of Nutritional Sciences. "It is important to ward off diabetes
early. Exercise has proven to be effective at all levels. At any stage of type
II diabetes, from an obese child to a person dependent for 20 years on insulin
injections, exercise could have a dramatic effect on improving insulin sensitivity."
Type II diabetes results from a lack of insulin production and insulin resistance
in skeletal muscle cells. Insulin is necessary to help drive glucose out of
the blood and into the tissues of the body. As a result of insulin resistance,
cells do not respond appropriately to insulin, causing more insulin to be released
to have a measurable effect and ultimately causing insulin and glucose to build
up dangerously in the blood.
Thyfault's study found that relatively short periods of acute muscle exercise
in diabetic Zucker rats significantly increased insulin sensitivity in the
previously insulin resistance skeletal muscles. Since 80 to 90 percent of all
glucose goes into muscle after a meal, it is reasonable that more active muscles
on a day- to-day basis will result in increased insulin sensitivity, Thyfault
said.
"In relation to a person with type II diabetes, this would mean that they
could lessen their dependence on insulin therapy to control their blood glucose
levels or potentially control glucose levels without any drug by just increasing
their daily activity levels in addition to the right diet," Thyfault
said.
The study, "Contraction of insulin resistant muscle normalizes insulin
action in association with increased mitochondrial activity and fatty acid
catabolism," will be published in the American Journal of Physiology-Cell.
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